Dolor y edema de miembros inferiores por dermopatía tiroidea: presentación inusual de la enfermedad de Graves en una paciente adolescente / Lower limb pain and edema due to thyroid dermopathy: an unusual presentation of Graves disease in an adolescent patient

La enfermedad de Graves es un proceso inmunomediado en el que autoanticuerpos se dirigen contra el receptor de tirotrofina. Por su acción estimulante sobre la glándula tiroides, se genera crecimiento glandular difuso y aumento de la hormonogénesis. Se caracteriza por el comienzo subagudo de síntomas constitucionales, neuromusculares, cardiovasculares, gastrointestinales y oculares, seguidos en algunos casos de la aparición de manifestaciones cutáneas como la dermopatía tiroidea o mixedema. En pediatría la enfermedad de Graves es infrecuente (aunque es la causa más frecuente de hipertiroidismo), pero la cronología de aparición de los síntomas está bien descrita; es rara la aparición de dermopatía en ausencia de otros síntomas de hipertiroidismo y sin afectación ocular. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 15 años con dermopatía tiroidea por enfermedad de Graves sin oftalmopatía ni otros síntomas de hipertiroidismo clínico asociados.

Graves disease is an immune-mediated process characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to thyrotropin receptors. Its stimulating action on the thyroid gland causes diffuse glandular growth and increased hormone production. Graves disease is characterized by a subacute onset of non-specific, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and eye symptoms, sometimes followed by skin manifestations, such as thyroid dermopathy or myxedema. In pediatrics, Graves disease is rare (although it is the most frequent cause of hyperthyroidism). However, the chronology of symptom onset has been well described; the development of dermopathy in the absence of other symptoms of hyperthyroidism and without eye involvement is rare. Here we describe the case of a 15-year-old female patient with thyroid dermopathy due to Graves disease without eye disease or other associated clinical symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

POEMS Syndrome with Peripheral Edema and Ascites as the Main Manifestations:Report of One Case / 中国医学科学院学报

POEMS syndrome is a rare disease caused by monoclonal plasma cell proliferative disorder.The typical signs include peripheral neuropathy,organ enlargement,endocrine disease,M proteinemia,and skin changes.In clinical practice,the atypical,complex,and changeable clinical manifestations of this syndrome can easily lead to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.A case of POEMS syndrome with peripheral edema and ascites as the main manifestations is reported in this paper.

Case for diagnosis. Eyelid edema and erythematous papules disseminated on the face

Abstract Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei or acne agminata is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin, considered an intriguing entity due to its pathogenesis, which is still largely speculative. It has been linked to tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, rosacea, and other granulomatous diseases, but it is considered an independent entity.

Infección por citomegalovirus y Helicobacter pylori, en un niño con enfermedad de Ménétrier / Citomegalovirus and Helicobacter pylori infection in a child with Ménétrier´s disease

Resumen La enfermedad de Ménétrier es una entidad clínica rara, de etiología no clara, caracterizada por hiperplasia foveolar gástrica asociada con pérdida secundaria de proteínas. En niños se presenta con edema, que puede ser generalizado, sin compromiso renal ni hepático y difiere de la forma adulta por la persistencia del edema y la remisión espontánea. En la mayoría de casos publicados, se relaciona con infecciones, usualmente por cytomegalovirus y Helicobacter pylori. Aquí se presenta el caso de un niño de 9 años, que consulta por un mes de evolución de edema y dolor abdominal. Al examen físico se documenta anasarca, y estudios de laboratorio revelaron hipoalbuminemia sin proteinuria.

Abstract Ménétrier disease is a rare disorder characterized by gastric foveolar hyperplasia associated with secondary protein loss. In children, this condition presents as an edematous syndrome without renal or hepatic impairment and differs from the adult form by the constant presence of edema and spontaneous remission. It has been related to infections in most published cases, especially to cytomegalovirus and Helicobacter pylori. Here we analyze the case of a 9 year old boy, complaining of one month of edema and abdominal pain. Physical exam revealed a patient with anasarca and laboratory results documented hypoalbumenemia without proteinuria.

Edema agudo hemorrágico de la infancia: Lesiones alarmantes de un cuadro benigno. Reporte de caso / Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy: alarming lesions of a benign condition. Case report

Se reporta un caso de edema agudo hemorrágico de la infancia, en un lactante de 18 meses, después de un episodio de otitis media. El cuadro comenzó con máculas eritematosas en los muslos, seguidas de lesiones purpúricas en los brazos, las piernas y edema en los tobillos. Se interpretó, inicialmente, como urticaria, por lo que recibió esteroides. Sin embargo, las características clínicas fueron de edema agudo hemorrágico de la infancia, una vasculitis leucocitoclástica benigna que se presenta en niños de entre 4 y 24 meses y que se caracteriza por fiebre, máculas y lesiones purpúricas. Estas se ubican, principalmente, en la cara, los lóbulos de las orejas y las extremidades, y se asocian, muchas veces, a edema. Los diagnósticos diferenciales son eritema multiforme, urticaria, vasculitis inducida por droga, enfermedad de Kawasaki, eccema infectado, meningococcemia y maltrato infantil, algunas de ellas, con riesgo de mortalidad. El manejo es conservador, sin embargo, los esteroides podrían ser una opción terapéutica.

We report a case of acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy in an 18-month-old boy after an episode of otitis media. The clinical presentation begins with skin erythematous macules on the thighs, followed by purpuric lesions in arms, legs, and ankle edema. It was initially interpreted as urticaria, whereby steroids were indicated. However, the clinical feature was acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy, a benign leukocytoclastic vasculitis that occurs in children between 4 and 24 months of age and is characterized by fever, large purpuric palpable target-like skin lesions affecting the face, lobes of the ears, limbs and frequently associated with edema. Differential diagnosis includes erythema multiforme, hemorrhagic urticaria, drug-induced vasculitis, Kawasaki disease, infected eczema, sepsis (either meningococcal or non-meningococcal) and child abuse. Some of them have risk of mortality. Management is conservative, however, steroids may be a therapeutic option.

Severe pulmonary hypertension due to combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: another cause of death among smokers

In 2005, the combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) was first defined as a distinct entity, which comprised centrilobular or paraseptal emphysema in the upper pulmonary lobes, and fibrosis in the lower lobes accompanied by reduced diffused capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Recently, the fibrosis associated with the connective tissue disease was also included in the diagnosis of CPFE, although the exposure to tobacco, coal, welding, agrochemical compounds, and tire manufacturing are the most frequent causative agents. This entity characteristically presents reduced DLCO with preserved lung volumes and severe pulmonary hypertension, which is not observed in emphysema and fibrosis alone. We present the case of a 63-year-old woman with a history of heavy tobacco smoking abuse, who developed progressive dyspnea, severe pulmonary hypertension, and cor pulmonale over a 2-year period. She attended the emergency facility several times complaining of worsening dyspnea that was treated as decompensate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The imaging examination showed paraseptal emphysema in the upper pulmonary lobes and fibrosis in the middle and lower lobes. The echo Doppler cardiogram revealed the dilation of the right cardiac chambers and pulmonary hypertension, which was confirmed by pulmonary trunk artery pressure measurement by catheterization. During this period, she was progressively restricted to the minimal activities of daily life and dependent on caregivers. She was brought to the hospital neurologically obtunded, presenting anasarca, and respiratory failure, which led her to death. The autopsy showed signs of pulmonary hypertension and findings of fibrosis and emphysema in the histological examination of the lungs. The authors highlight the importance of the recognition of this entity in case of COPD associated with severe pulmonary hypertension of unknown cause.

Plexiform Neurofibroma: An Unusual Diagnosis of Lip Swellings.

Neurofibromas (NF) are seen either as a solitary lesion or as part of the generalized syndrome of NF (NF-1, also known as Von Recklinghausen disease of the skin). In plexiform neurofibroma (PN), there is proliferation of Schwann cells from the inner aspect of the nerve sheath, thereby resulting in an irregularly thickened, distorted, tortuous structure. Oral involvement by a solitary and peripheral PN in patients with no other signs of NF is rarely seen. It is reported that only 4-7% of patients affected by NF display oral manifestations. A solitary PN in a patient with no other symptoms is a diagnostic challenge, more so when the location of the lesion is one of the rarest sites.

Factors related to outcomes in lupus-related protein-losing enteropathy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), characterized by severe hypoalbuminemia and peripheral edema, is a rare manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. This present study aimed to identify the distinctive features of lupus-related PLE and evaluate the factors related to the treatment response. METHODS: From March 1998 to March 2014, the clinical data of 14 patients with lupus PLE and seven patients with idiopathic PLE from a tertiary center were reviewed. PLE was defined as a demonstration of protein leakage from the gastrointestinal tract by either technetium 99m-labelled human albumin scanning or fecal alpha1-antitrypsin clearance. A positive steroid response was defined as a return of serum albumin to > or = 3.0 g/dL within 4 weeks after initial steroid monotherapy, and remission as maintenance of serum albumin > or = 3.0 g/dL for at least 3 months. A high serum total cholesterol level was defined as a level of > or = 240 mg/dL. RESULTS: The mean age of the lupus-related PLE patients was 37.0 years, and the mean follow-up duration was 55.8 months. Significantly higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum total cholesterol levels were found for lupus PLE than for idiopathic PLE. Among the 14 patients with lupus PLE, eight experienced a positive steroid response, and the serum total cholesterol level was significantly higher in the positive steroid response group. A positive steroid response was associated with an initial high serum total cholesterol level and achievement of remission within 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: In lupus-related PLE, a high serum total cholesterol level could be a predictive factor for the initial steroid response, indicating a good response to steroid therapy alone.

Investigation of postural edema in the lower extremities of traffic control workers / Investigacao de edema postural de membros inferiores em agentes de transito

OBJECTIVE: Determine the prevalence of postural edema and investigate whether working posture - sitting down or standing up - affect its frequency. METHODS: Sixteen traffic control agents were assessed by water displacement volumetry and the results were analyzed in two groups, depending on working posture. Those who worked standing up for more than 4 hours were allocated to the SU group and those who worked sitting down for more than 4 hours were allocated to the SD group. Each worker was assessed before and after their working shift for three consecutive days. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and the test of equality of two proportions. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. The assessment showed that members of both groups had postural edema of the lower extremities (p ≤ 0.001). RESULTS: When the frequency of postural edema was compared across groups, a trend was observed for greater edema formation in the SU group than in the SD group, although without statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that traffic control agents suffer postural edema after 4 hours working in either of the postures investigated although with a predominance of edema formation among those who work standing up. .

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a ocorrência de edema postural (EP) e verificar se há diferença na sua formação entre as duas posturas de trabalho adotadas - em pé e sentada. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 16 trabalhadores agentes de trânsito por meio da volumetria por deslocamento de água, divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a posição de trabalho adotada. No Grupo em Pé (GP), foram alocados aqueles que trabalhavam em pé e, no Grupo Sentado (GS), aqueles que adotavam a posição sentada, ambos por mais de quatro horas consecutivas. Os dados foram coletados antes e após a jornada de trabalho por três dias consecutivos e tratados com os testes estatísticos ANOVA e Igualdade de duas proporções. O nível de significância adotado foi p ≤ 0,05. A avaliação revelou presença de edema postural de membros inferiores nas duas condições avaliadas (p ≤ 0,001). RESULTADOS: Na análise da diferença na formação de EP entre os grupos, observou-se tendência a maior formação no GP em comparação ao GS, contudo sem diferença estatisticamente significante. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que existiu EP em agentes de trânsito após quatro horas de trabalho nas duas condições avaliadas com predomínio na formação de edema na postura em pé. .

Caso de intoxicación en Venezuela, por el uso de la planta de Estropajo o Tusa (Luffa cylíndrica ) / Case of intoxication by the use of the loofah sponge or tusa (Luffa cylindrica) in Venezuela

En algunas regiones del mundo, las plantas originan importantes problemas clínicos, causando gran morbilidad y mortalidad, principalmente después de la intoxicación no intencional. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal describir un caso clínico presentado en el Servicio de Toxicología Médica, Hospital “Doctor Leopoldo Manrique Terrero”, Caracas, Venezuela (2012), de una intoxicación con la planta de estropajo (Luffa  cylindrica), perteneciente a la familia de las Cucurbitáceas, usada inadecuadamente como instilación nasal. El análisis clínico otorrinolaringológico permitió evidenciar un cuadro agudo, grave con obstrucción de vías aéreas superiores, producido por el uso tópico de extracto de la planta de estropajo (Luffa  cylindrica), como medicamento nasal para tratar una sinusitis crónica. El paciente presentó 2 horas después de la instilación,  una disfonía,  con un intenso edema de úvula; se encontraba confundido, con cefalea, así como acentuada odinofagia y dificultad respiratoria. Tras la revisión de la literatura se permite plantear que se trata del primer caso referido o publicado de esta inusual intoxicación y daño de vías aéreas superiores ocasionado por esta planta. El paciente fue tratado con oxígeno (SOS), hidrocortisona y clorfeniramina recuperándose después de 48 h de tratamiento sintomático.

In some world regions, plants originate important clinical problems, causing significant morbidity and mortality, mainly after unintentional poisoning. This paper aims to describe a case seen at the Medical Toxicology Service, "Dr. Leopoldo Manrique Terrero " Hospital, Caracas, Venezuela (2012), which was a loofah plant poisoning (Luffa cylindrica), belonging to Cucurbitaceae family, used inappropriately as nasal instillation. The otorhinolaryngology clinical analysis demonstrated an acute, severe upper airway obstruction produced by the topical use of loofah (Luffa cylindrica) plant extract as nasal medication to treat chronic sinusitis. The patient developed 2 hours after instillation, a dysphonia, with intense uvula edema, confusion, headache and sore throat and accentuated respiratory distress. After literature review it is suggested that this is the first referred or published case in this unusual intoxication and upper airway damage caused by this plant. The patient was treated with oxygen (SOS), hydrocortisone and chlorpheniramine recovering after 48 h of symptomatic treatment.

Orbital Sarcoidosis Presenting as Diffuse Swelling of the Lower Eyelid

The author reports a case of orbital Sarcoidosis in a 70-year-old female that initially presented as diffuse swelling of the lower eyelid. The patient complained of painless swelling of the left lower lid without palpable mass, and a computerized tomography (CT) scan of the orbit was unremarkable. A serum angiotensin converting enzyme level was elevated, and hilar lymphadenopathy was noted on the chest CT. The patient underwent surgical debulking for histologic confirmation, which led to a final diagnosis of sarcoidosis involving the orbital fat. Unexplained chronic eyelid swelling without a mass should be considered a possible ophthalmic manifestation of orbital sarcoidosis.

Neck swelling after sneezing.

A 29-year-old, non-smoker male presented with a painless neck swelling with a sudden onset after a bout of violent sneezing two days ago. He had no other remarkable medical history except for seasonal allergic rhinitis for the past three years. He was referred for evaluation after being advised an antihistaminic drug for the relief of nasal symptoms. Bilateral crepitant swelling was found in the neck on physical examination.

Edema hemorrágico agudo del lactante: reporte de un caso de presentación atípica / Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy: case report

Acute infant hemorragic edema is a benign condition that affects children between 4 month and 2 years of age. Quick onset inflammatory edema and generalized ring shaped symmetric purpura are characteristic. Histology is of leucocitoclastic vasculitis. Clinical case: 9 month old child with a respiratory tract affection 2 weeks previous, consulting for left leg edema and fever, afterwards cutaneous and enteral mucosa purpura. Discussion: Acute hemorrhagic edema is a benign and self-limited illness. Lhe main differential diagnosis is Schonlein Henoch Purpura, and a careful evaluation and clinical follow-up is neccesary.

Introducción: El Edema Hemorrágico Agudo del Lactante (EHAL) es una condición benigna que afecta a niños entre 4 meses y 2 años, de inicio brusco, con edema inflamatorio y lesiones cutáneas del tipo purpúrico, anulares generalizadas y simétricas. A la histología los hallazgos son compatibles con una vasculitis leucocitoclástica. Caso clínico: Lactante de 9 meses de edad, que cursó con cuadro respiratorio 2 semanas previas y que consulta por aumento de volumen de la extremidad inferior izquierda y fiebre, agregándose en forma progresiva lesiones cutáneas purpúricas, compromiso de mucosas y gastrointestinal. Discusión: El EHAL es una condición benigna y autolimitada, cuyo principal diagnóstico diferencial es Púrpura de Schonlein-Henoch, la cual requiere una cuidadosa evaluación y segumiento clínico.

pelvic hydatid cyst presenting with lower limb edema

Hydatid disease is an infection caused by larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus in humans, which are carried as tapeworms by canines. The most frequent organs affected in humans are liver and lungs. We presented a case of pelvic hydatic cyst which is a rare occurrence. There was a 75 years old man with a history of admission for left lower limb edema suspected to DVT. The patient was suffering from generalized abdominal pains especially in LLQ. On pelvic ultrasound and CT scan, a cystic mass with internal septation on the left side of pelvis was reported. After surgery, pathology report of removed cyst confirmed the hydatid cyst. In endemic regions, in patients complaining of lower limb edema and suspected to have DVT, pelvic mass lesions such as hydatic cyst should be born in mind

Tumor mixto de células germinales: a propósito de un caso / Mixed germ cell tumor of the testis: a purpose of a case

Las neoplasias testiculares son relativamente poco frecuentes, con una incidencia estimada en 2 por cada 100000 habitantes. La mayoría de ellas derivan de la línea germinal, con una edad promedio de aparición entre los 20 y 40 años de edad, por lo que tiene una alta incidencia en la población joven, lo cual conlleva a un notable impacto social y epidemiológico, es de ello que deriva la importancia del diagnóstico temprano y de no sobreestimar el origen inflamatorio e infeccioso de una masa testicular que inicialmente puede ser indolora, como sucedió en este caso, esto es importante para realizar el diagnóstico precoz y realizar un tratamiento oportuno, para de esta manera aumente el porcentaje de sobrevida y de tiempo de enfermedad.

Massive ovarian edema--a diagnostic dilemma: a case report.

A case of massive ovarian edema and polycystic ovaries in a 15 years old girl is being reported for its rarity. Definitive preoperative diagnosis is often not achieved and there by the patient is at a risk of losing the ovary(ies). Thus a definitive preoperative diagnosis should be ascertained to save the organ. A review on the previously reported cases with probable etiopathogenesis and emphasis on the radiological and morphological diagnosis for appropriate management has been discussed.